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Lots of other Scientologist-run companies and organizations belong to the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses the usage of Hubbard's management teachings, and flows directories of WISE-affiliated businesses. WISE requires those who want to end up being Hubbard management speaks with to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another popular WISE-affiliated business is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Government is a department of e. Republic that was founded in 1999 - define scientology. Internet ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


This section needs expansion. You can assist by adding to it. In order to help with the ongoing expansion of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the type of powerful or reputable individuals. Though it has obtained some reliability as a religious beliefs in many countries, Scientology has also been referred to as both a cult and a company.


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For example, it has actually been kept in mind to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by identifying as Level playing field individuals it perceives as its enemies. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of federal government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise founded guilty of scams, manslaughter and tampering with witnesses in French cases, harmful libel versus lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner specifies that Scientology's "high level of exposure" might be viewed as "threatening to developed social organizations".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was included in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.


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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were business and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, however its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology were in 52 countries by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years trying to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had at first demandedand the Internal Revenue Service acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit organization.




Scientology cites its tax exemption as proof the United States federal government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the inbound Barack Obama administration to investigate, as identified in a web survey run by the governmental shift team obtaining public input for the incoming administration. Church of Scientology Perth.


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State Department has criticized Western European countries for discrimination against Scientologists in its published annual International Religious Flexibility report, based upon the International Religious Flexibility Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is dealt with legally as an industrial enterprise, and not as a religion or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent to the United States. The word Scientology (and numerous associated terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up hallmark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on individuals and groups who attempt to utilize it in methods unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard appointed Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain elements of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was created with its head workplace situated at Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Office (later relabelled the Office of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later arranged and committed among the biggest penetration of United States federal agencies ever committed by a company not connected with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery visit this web-site of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal offense committed by these offenders is of a breadth is scientology a religion and scope formerly unheard of. No structure, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and spying. No person or company was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.


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The Church has also in the past utilized aggressive techniques in addressing those it sees as trying to reduce them, called Suppressive Persons (SPs) first laid out by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair game. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its creator.


Using blank paper understood to have actually been handled by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb dangers in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which might have sent out Cooper to Read More Here prison for a prolonged term. The Church's plan was discovered at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.

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